{"id":2041,"date":"2026-05-17T11:57:56","date_gmt":"2026-05-17T11:57:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.peplayground.com\/?p=2041"},"modified":"2026-05-17T13:10:23","modified_gmt":"2026-05-17T13:10:23","slug":"circulation-mini-volleyball-a-playful-pathway-for-teaching-volleyball-to-children","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.peplayground.com\/el\/circulation-mini-volleyball-a-playful-pathway-for-teaching-volleyball-to-children\/","title":{"rendered":"Circulation Mini-Volleyball: \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03ca \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2041\" class=\"elementor elementor-2041\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-29b0f0d elementor-section-height-min-height 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href=\"\">youTube<\/a><\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3cc5658 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3cc5658\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-55403db4 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"55403db4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71907ab7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"71907ab7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ecad7ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-jkit_post_terms\" data-id=\"5ecad7ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jkit_post_terms.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"jeg-elementor-kit jkit-post-terms jeg_module___6a0a81b08c474\" ><span class=\"post-terms\"><span class=\"term-list \">Games &amp; Movement<\/span><\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6551bcca elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-jkit_post_title\" data-id=\"6551bcca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jkit_post_title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"jeg-elementor-kit jkit-post-title jeg_module__1_6a0a81b08d911\" ><h1 class=\"post-title style-color \">Circulation Mini-Volleyball: A Playful Pathway for Teaching Volleyball to Children<\/h1><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6ff7b203 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"6ff7b203\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2ede71c2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2ede71c2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-555eed82 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"555eed82\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:300}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5df52648 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5df52648\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-634a0c97 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"634a0c97\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:600}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-542c3b5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"542c3b5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-214da2a7 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"214da2a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7cd77a15 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"7cd77a15\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-445a8afd elementor-widget elementor-widget-jkit_post_featured_image\" data-id=\"445a8afd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jkit_post_featured_image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"jeg-elementor-kit jkit-post-featured-image jeg_module__2_6a0a81b08ec2d\" ><div class=\"post-featured-image elementor-animation-float\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1254\" height=\"1254\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peplayground.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MCV.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.peplayground.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MCV.png 1254w, https:\/\/www.peplayground.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MCV-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.peplayground.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MCV-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.peplayground.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MCV-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.peplayground.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MCV-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.peplayground.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MCV-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/www.peplayground.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MCV-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/www.peplayground.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MCV-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/www.peplayground.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/MCV-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1254px) 100vw, 1254px\" \/><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2f5b5b6e elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"2f5b5b6e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4f0386 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a4f0386\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cef9af4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jkit_post_excerpt\" data-id=\"7cef9af4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jkit_post_excerpt.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"jeg-elementor-kit jkit-post-excerpt jeg_module__3_6a0a81b08fc8b\" ><p class=\"post-excerpt \">Volleyball is a wonderful team sport for children. It develops cooperation, communication, spatial awareness, quick reactions, and respect for teammates. However, anyone who has tried to teach volleyball to younger children knows the main challenge: the full game is technically demanding.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1213107 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1213107\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"937\" data-end=\"1120\">The ball drops quickly. Touches are often limited. Some children wait for their turn, while others dominate the play. And very often, the rally stops before the game has really begun.<\/p><p data-start=\"1122\" data-end=\"1492\">This is where Circulation Mini-Volleyball (CMV) offers a very interesting solution. It is a modified form of mini-volleyball designed to help children learn through play. Instead of teaching isolated technical skills first and playing later, CMV allows children to play from the beginning \u2014 with simple rules, small teams, constant movement, and gradual progression.<\/p><p data-start=\"1494\" data-end=\"1893\">CMV is presented in the FIVB material <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fivb.org\/EN\/Programmes\/Circulation%20volleyball%202003.pdf\">\u201cCirculation- and mini-volleyball: Rules level 1\u20136<\/a>\u201d, which describes six progressive levels for children. The model begins with simple actions such as throwing, catching, and moving, and gradually leads children toward more structured mini-volleyball, including forearm passing, setting, serving, and attacking actions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-43204d9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"43204d9b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-32de26f7\" data-id=\"32de26f7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6cdcb8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f6cdcb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ec9316a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1ec9316a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why do we need modified volleyball games for children?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55206614 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55206614\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"2276\" data-end=\"2471\">In the early stages of learning, the goal is not for the game to look like adult volleyball. The goal is for children to participate, understand what is happening, and feel that they can succeed.<\/p><p data-start=\"2473\" data-end=\"2813\">When children are placed directly into a game format that is too difficult for their level, three things often happen: the ball drops immediately, the more skilled children take more control, and the less experienced children become passive. Instead of becoming a learning opportunity, the game can become a source of stress or frustration.<\/p><p data-start=\"2815\" data-end=\"3205\">Modified games change this experience. They reduce the playing area, lower the number of players, simplify the rules, and create more opportunities for each child to touch the ball. FIVB\u2019s mini-volleyball material presents smaller game formats as appropriate for school settings and for introducing young players to volleyball in a more accessible way.<\/p><p data-start=\"3207\" data-end=\"3479\">This approach also connects well with game-based teaching models such as <strong data-start=\"3280\" data-end=\"3323\">Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU)<\/strong>. TGfU places emphasis on play, where tactical and strategic problems are explored through modified game environments.<\/p><p data-start=\"3481\" data-end=\"3621\">In simple words: children do not learn volleyball only by repeating a technique. They learn when that technique has meaning inside the game.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-26f4c40e elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"26f4c40e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-44bf23c6 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"44bf23c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6f3afd84 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"6f3afd84\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21d87786 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"21d87786\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b051c75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b051c75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-section-id=\"1oejvfw\" data-start=\"1323\" data-end=\"1358\">What makes Circulation Mini-Volleyball different?<\/h2><p data-start=\"3677\" data-end=\"4038\">The most distinctive feature of CMV is <strong data-start=\"3716\" data-end=\"3731\">circulation<\/strong>. In the early levels, every time a team sends the ball over the net, all players rotate clockwise and move to a new position. This rule appears from Level 1 of the FIVB CMV material: after the ball is thrown over the net, the whole team rotates one position clockwise.<\/p><p data-start=\"4040\" data-end=\"4264\">This may seem simple, but it has strong educational value. No child stays fixed in one position. Everyone moves. Everyone has to relocate in space. Everyone needs to pay attention to the ball, their teammates, and the court.<\/p><p data-start=\"4266\" data-end=\"4601\">This is perhaps one of the greatest strengths of CMV: before asking a child to perform a \u201ccorrect\u201d forearm pass, the game helps them move under the ball, read its path, time their movement, and cooperate with their team. Technique does not appear suddenly as a difficult demand. It is built on experiences of movement, space, and play.<\/p><p data-start=\"4603\" data-end=\"4792\">In this way, volleyball becomes more accessible. The child does not begin with the pressure of perfect ball contact, but with a simple task: move, catch, throw, rotate, and rejoin the play.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-18de095 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"18de095\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-44f9837 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"44f9837\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b886123 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"b886123\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=w2NbNdLMwUw&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6e9e687 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"6e9e687\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7a80ee elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e7a80ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c932e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c932e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"5072\" data-end=\"5282\">The six-level structure<\/h3><p data-start=\"4822\" data-end=\"5121\">CMV is organized into<strong data-start=\"4844\" data-end=\"4858\"> six levels<\/strong>, roughly corresponding to ages 6\u201312. However, age should not be treated as a strict rule. It is better understood as a guide. If a group has little previous volleyball experience, it may be appropriate to begin at an easier level, even if the children are older.<\/p><p data-start=\"5123\" data-end=\"5468\">Across all levels, the basic format is 4 vs 4. This is important because it keeps the game functional. With fewer players, children have more responsibility, more ball contacts, and a clearer understanding of space. The FIVB CMV material presents 4 vs 4 as the standard playing format across the levels.<\/p><p data-start=\"5470\" data-end=\"5702\">In <strong data-start=\"5473\" data-end=\"5487\">Levels 1\u20133<\/strong>, the game has a more playful elimination-and-return structure. The team tries to \u201cempty\u201d the opponent\u2019s court, while players who temporarily leave the court can return through successful actions by their teammates.<\/p><p data-start=\"5704\" data-end=\"5985\">In <strong data-start=\"5707\" data-end=\"5721\">Levels 4\u20136<\/strong>, the logic changes. There are no more eliminations; instead, the game uses regular scoring with points. This transition is important. The first levels keep the game accessible and playful, while the later levels gradually bring children closer to mini-volleyball.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e49163e elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e49163e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4ab1b40 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"4ab1b40\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-85ff992 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"85ff992\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e63cde elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2e63cde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99cf65f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"99cf65f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-section-id=\"uf6xgq\" data-start=\"5987\" data-end=\"6021\">Level 1: Catch \u2013 Throw \u2013 Rotate<\/h3><p data-start=\"6023\" data-end=\"6216\">The first level is ideal for beginners. Children do not need to perform forearm passing or setting yet. They simply try to catch the ball, throw it over the net, and move to their new position.<\/p><p data-start=\"6218\" data-end=\"6448\">The team rotates every time it sends the ball to the opponent\u2019s court. This gives the game rhythm and teaches children to move immediately after their action. They do not become spectators of their own throw. They remain involved.<\/p><p data-start=\"6450\" data-end=\"6637\">For school-based Physical Education, this level is extremely useful. Even with older pupils, it can work as an introduction to circulation, court coverage, and shared team responsibility.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"esm4hu\" data-start=\"6639\" data-end=\"6682\">Level 2: Introducing the underhand serve<\/h3><p data-start=\"6684\" data-end=\"6943\">At the second level, the underhand serve is introduced. The ball now starts with a more specific action, but the game remains accessible. Children still catch and throw, but they begin to understand that the serve is the first organized action of a rally.<\/p><p data-start=\"6945\" data-end=\"7144\">This requires patience. The underhand serve may look simple to adults, but for many children it is a complex skill. It requires hand-eye coordination, body position, control of force, and confidence.<\/p><p data-start=\"7146\" data-end=\"7523\">This is why the type of ball matters so much. At the beginning stages of volleyball, children need to feel that the ball is an enjoyable object of play, not something to fear. The FIVB Mini-Volleyball Handbook emphasizes the importance of helping children enjoy new challenges in volleyball and experience pleasure in the learning process.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"pthfzk\" data-start=\"7525\" data-end=\"7575\">Level 3: Bringing forearm passing into the game<\/h3><p data-start=\"7577\" data-end=\"7818\">At the third level, the<strong data-start=\"7601\" data-end=\"7617\"> forearm pass<\/strong> is introduced in a more accessible and supportive way. The player receiving the ball tries to use a forearm pass toward a teammate. The teammate may then catch the ball and throw it back over the net.<\/p><p data-start=\"7820\" data-end=\"8005\">This reduces pressure. The child does not need to perform a perfect forearm pass and immediately continue the rally with regular contacts. There is a bridge: forearm pass, catch, throw.<\/p><p data-start=\"8007\" data-end=\"8265\">For Physical Education teachers, this is very practical. The forearm pass is not taught only as an isolated technique. It becomes part of a real game situation. Children understand why they need it: to receive the ball and help their team continue the rally.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"pbj7la\" data-start=\"8492\" data-end=\"8527\">Level 4: The major turning point<\/h3><p data-start=\"8529\" data-end=\"8717\">Level 4 is perhaps the most important stage of CMV. Here, the game begins to look more like organized mini-volleyball. Eliminations stop, and each error gives a point to the opposing team.<\/p><p data-start=\"8719\" data-end=\"8795\">The most interesting feature is the required sequence of three contacts:<\/p><p data-start=\"8797\" data-end=\"8974\"><strong data-start=\"8797\" data-end=\"8813\">1st contact:<\/strong> forearm pass to a teammate<br data-start=\"8840\" data-end=\"8843\" \/><strong data-start=\"8843\" data-end=\"8859\">2nd contact:<\/strong> a continuous catch-and-throw action, lifting the ball high<br data-start=\"8918\" data-end=\"8921\" \/><strong data-start=\"8921\" data-end=\"8937\">3rd contact:<\/strong> overhead set, no longer a caught set<\/p><p data-start=\"8976\" data-end=\"9243\">The second contact is the key innovation. We are not asking children to perform a difficult angled set or a perfect tactical pass right away. Instead, we allow a smooth, continuous catch-and-lift action so that the team can organize itself and the rally can continue.<\/p><p data-start=\"9245\" data-end=\"9514\">This has great value. Many children struggle in volleyball not because they do not want to play, but because the game stops too often. Level 4 gives the rally time to develop. And when there is a rally, there is joy, participation, tactical thinking, and real learning.<\/p><h3 data-section-id=\"11r35rw\" data-start=\"9516\" data-end=\"9573\">Levels 5 and 6: Moving toward complete mini-volleyball<\/h3><p data-start=\"9575\" data-end=\"9829\">In the final two levels, catching is gradually removed, and the game moves toward continuous contacts. Players use forearm passing, overhead setting, tips, and later attacking actions. The court becomes larger, and the game moves closer to mini-volleyball.<\/p><p data-start=\"9831\" data-end=\"10130\">At Level 5, the tip attack is introduced, and the effort to use three contacts is encouraged. At Level 6, players have more freedom in serving and attacking. The goal is no longer simply to send the ball over the net, but to begin organizing reception, setting, and the final action more consciously.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2a6286 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2a6286\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-264c7ca elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"264c7ca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-714c6b7 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"714c6b7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c6b00f elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c6b00f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5f2961 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b5f2961\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-section-id=\"uf6xgq\" data-start=\"5987\" data-end=\"6021\">How can CMV be applied realistically in school?<\/h2><p data-start=\"10403\" data-end=\"10707\">In school settings, conditions are not always ideal. There may be many children, limited time, only one court, few balls, or very different ability levels within the same class. For this reason, CMV does not need to be applied as a strict six-stage program. It can be used as a pedagogical framework.<\/p><p data-start=\"10709\" data-end=\"11073\">The most realistic approach is to start from the level that fits the group. If pupils struggle to move toward the ball, begin with \u201ccatch\u2013throw\u2013rotate.\u201d If they already have better ball control, move more quickly toward serving or forearm passing. If the group is more advanced, elements from Level 4 can be used, such as the required cooperation of three players.<\/p><p data-start=\"11075\" data-end=\"11345\">Small courts can be created with a rope, ribbon, low net, or even a clear visual line between cones. The goal is not to have perfect facilities. The goal is to create an environment where the ball stays in play longer and children have more opportunities to participate.<\/p><p data-start=\"11347\" data-end=\"11633\">In large classes, short team rotations can also help. Pupils who are waiting can have an active role: counting the three contacts, observing whether the team rotated correctly, encouraging teammates, or helping return balls to the game. This prevents waiting time from becoming passive.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d3fa7a1 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d3fa7a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-11cf438 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"11cf438\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0dd4bd1 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"0dd4bd1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85af3e2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"85af3e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce29d3b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce29d3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-section-id=\"uf6xgq\" data-start=\"5987\" data-end=\"6021\">Practical adaptations for greater participation<\/h2><p data-start=\"11687\" data-end=\"11757\">CMV allows many small adaptations without losing its basic philosophy.<\/p><p data-start=\"11759\" data-end=\"11931\">If children are struggling, we can allow one extra catch or one bounce before contact. We can make the court smaller, lower the net, or give the team more time to organize.<\/p><p data-start=\"11933\" data-end=\"12204\">If children are more advanced, we can ask for a specific sequence: first forearm pass, then lift, then send the ball over. We can also add target zones on the opponent\u2019s court, so children begin thinking about space and choice instead of simply sending the ball anywhere.<\/p><p data-start=\"12206\" data-end=\"12422\">The most important thing is not to make the game \u201ctoo official\u201d too quickly. If we remove catching too early or demand perfect technique before children are ready, the game becomes difficult again and loses its flow.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7b0fc75 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7b0fc75\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ae8ecd9 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"ae8ecd9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b923b9 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"3b923b9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64365b7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"64365b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6dc2ade elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6dc2ade\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-section-id=\"uf6xgq\" data-start=\"5987\" data-end=\"6021\">What do children gain?<\/h2><p data-start=\"13442\" data-end=\"13580\">Children gain, first of all, more participation. They touch the ball more often, move more, and have more opportunities to make decisions.<\/p><p data-start=\"13582\" data-end=\"13800\">They also gain confidence. When the game is adapted to their level, they do not feel that they are constantly failing. Instead, they see that they can contribute to the team, even if their technique is not perfect yet.<\/p><p data-start=\"13802\" data-end=\"14012\">They gain cooperation. In CMV, the team must move together, cover space, organize contacts, and help players re-enter the game. This creates a strong environment for communication, responsibility, and teamwork.<\/p><p data-start=\"14014\" data-end=\"14102\">And perhaps most importantly, children gain a positive first experience with volleyball.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7f5453af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7f5453af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-286a92e0 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"286a92e0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-407b7d58 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"407b7d58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42408bad elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"42408bad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Final thoughts<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c37020a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c37020a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"14122\" data-end=\"14302\">Circulation Mini-Volleyball is not simply a variation of volleyball. It is a way to make volleyball more accessible, more active, and more developmentally appropriate for children.<\/p><p data-start=\"14304\" data-end=\"14496\">With small teams, constant rotation, progressive rules, and plenty of play, children learn to move, read the path of the ball, cooperate, and gradually build the technical skills of the sport.<\/p><p data-start=\"14498\" data-end=\"14611\">We do not need to wait until children have \u201cperfect\u201d technique before they play. They can play in order to learn.<\/p><p data-start=\"14613\" data-end=\"14726\">And perhaps this is the strongest message of CMV: before children love the technique, they need to love the game.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-106dc814 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"106dc814\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdd803c elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"fdd803c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:600}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fivb.org\/EN\/Programmes\/Circulation%20volleyball%202003.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">FIVB \u2013 Circulation- and mini-volleyball: Rules level 1\u20136.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-575e0f08 elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"575e0f08\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-329e1357 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"329e1357\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2adc50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c2adc50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d2d6ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1d2d6ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peplayground.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/peplayground14.jpg\" title=\"peplayground14\" alt=\"peplayground14\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-58a97973 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"58a97973\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea7ea90 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5ea7ea90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57b9ede4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"57b9ede4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Join Our P.E. Community<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36825c97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36825c97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Become part of a growing network of teachers who believe that movement is a powerful tool for learning. By joining our community, you\u2019ll receive updates on new blog posts, free resources, and exclusive content \u2014 all designed to make your teaching more fun, inclusive, and effective.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16573ab5 elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"16573ab5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:600}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Join Now<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5f512e83 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5f512e83\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9728957 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"9728957\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10b0e23f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"10b0e23f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.peplayground.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/logo_peplayground-300x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-186\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.peplayground.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/logo_peplayground-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.peplayground.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/logo_peplayground-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/www.peplayground.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/logo_peplayground-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.peplayground.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/elementor\/thumbs\/logo_peplayground-r69nvkhemm0mwp7yhttrpie8x3nlnnd77dwri61x1s.png 40w, https:\/\/www.peplayground.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/logo_peplayground.png 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62abac88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"62abac88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cf64492 elementor-align-start elementor-mobile-align-start elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"6cf64492\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-map-marked-alt\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288 0c-69.59 0-126 56.41-126 126 0 56.26 82.35 158.8 113.9 196.02 6.39 7.54 17.82 7.54 24.2 0C331.65 284.8 414 182.26 414 126 414 56.41 357.59 0 288 0zm0 168c-23.2 0-42-18.8-42-42s18.8-42 42-42 42 18.8 42 42-18.8 42-42 42zM20.12 215.95A32.006 32.006 0 0 0 0 245.66v250.32c0 11.32 11.43 19.06 21.94 14.86L160 448V214.92c-8.84-15.98-16.07-31.54-21.25-46.42L20.12 215.95zM288 359.67c-14.07 0-27.38-6.18-36.51-16.96-19.66-23.2-40.57-49.62-59.49-76.72v182l192 64V266c-18.92 27.09-39.82 53.52-59.49 76.72-9.13 10.77-22.44 16.95-36.51 16.95zm266.06-198.51L416 224v288l139.88-55.95A31.996 31.996 0 0 0 576 426.34V176.02c0-11.32-11.43-19.06-21.94-14.86z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Based in Rethymno Greece<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-envelope-open\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M512 464c0 26.51-21.49 48-48 48H48c-26.51 0-48-21.49-48-48V200.724a48 48 0 0 1 18.387-37.776c24.913-19.529 45.501-35.365 164.2-121.511C199.412 29.17 232.797-.347 256 .003c23.198-.354 56.596 29.172 73.413 41.433 118.687 86.137 139.303 101.995 164.2 121.512A48 48 0 0 1 512 200.724V464zm-65.666-196.605c-2.563-3.728-7.7-4.595-11.339-1.907-22.845 16.873-55.462 40.705-105.582 77.079-16.825 12.266-50.21 41.781-73.413 41.43-23.211.344-56.559-29.143-73.413-41.43-50.114-36.37-82.734-60.204-105.582-77.079-3.639-2.688-8.776-1.821-11.339 1.907l-9.072 13.196a7.998 7.998 0 0 0 1.839 10.967c22.887 16.899 55.454 40.69 105.303 76.868 20.274 14.781 56.524 47.813 92.264 47.573 35.724.242 71.961-32.771 92.263-47.573 49.85-36.179 82.418-59.97 105.303-76.868a7.998 7.998 0 0 0 1.839-10.967l-9.071-13.196z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">peplaygroud@gmail.com<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-72277bbe elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"72277bbe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39b4d3c4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"39b4d3c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dce1af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9dce1af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our Newsletter<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c675e2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c675e2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1bbac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c1bbac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\"><div class=\"elementor-widget-container\"><p data-start=\"594\" data-end=\"820\">Want fresh ideas, posters, games, and free P.E. resources delivered to your inbox?<br data-start=\"676\" data-end=\"679\" \/>Subscribe to our\u00a0newsletter and be the first to know about new posts, exclusive content, and creative teaching ideas!<\/p><p data-start=\"594\" data-end=\"820\">\u00a0Because physical education should feel like play!<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c1f50b elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-metform\" data-id=\"22c1f50b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:600}\" data-widget_type=\"metform.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mf-response-props-id-320\" data-previous-steps-style=\"\" data-editswitchopen=\"\" data-response_type=\"alert\" data-erroricon=\"fas fa-exclamation-triangle\" data-successicon=\"fas fa-check\" data-messageposition=\"top\" class=\"   mf-scroll-top-no\">\n\t\t<div class=\"formpicker_warper formpicker_warper_editable\" data-metform-formpicker-key=\"320\" >\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"mf-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t<div\r\n\t\t\tid=\"metform-wrap-22c1f50b-320\"\r\n\t\t\tclass=\"mf-form-wrapper\"\r\n\t\t\tdata-form-id=\"320\"\r\n\t\t\tdata-action=\"https:\/\/www.peplayground.com\/el\/wp-json\/metform\/v1\/entries\/insert\/320\"\r\n\t\t\tdata-wp-nonce=\"e65e25d7a8\"\r\n\t\t\tdata-form-nonce=\"a86dec9c9d\"\r\n\t\t\tdata-quiz-summery = \"false\"\r\n\t\t\tdata-save-progress = \"false\"\r\n\t\t\tdata-form-type=\"general-form\"\r\n\t\t\tdata-stop-vertical-effect=\"\"\r\n\t\t\t><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<!----------------------------- \r\n\t\t\t* controls_data : find the the props passed indie of data attribute\r\n\t\t\t* props.SubmitResponseMarkup : contains the markup of error or success message\r\n\t\t\t* https:\/\/developer.mozilla.org\/en-US\/docs\/Web\/JavaScript\/Reference\/Template_literals\r\n\t\t--------------------------- -->\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/mf\" class=\"mf-template\">\r\n\t\t\tfunction controls_data (value){\r\n\t\t\t\tlet currentWrapper = \"mf-response-props-id-320\";\r\n\t\t\t\tlet currentEl = document.getElementById(currentWrapper);\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\treturn currentEl ? currentEl.dataset[value] : false\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t\tlet is_edit_mode = '' ? true : false;\r\n\t\t\tlet message_position = controls_data('messageposition') || 'top';\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tlet message_successIcon = controls_data('successicon') || '';\r\n\t\t\tlet message_errorIcon = controls_data('erroricon') || '';\r\n\t\t\tlet message_editSwitch = controls_data('editswitchopen') === 'yes' ? true : false;\r\n\t\t\tlet message_proClass = controls_data('editswitchopen') === 'yes' ? 'mf_pro_activated' : '';\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\tlet is_dummy_markup = is_edit_mode && message_editSwitch ? true : false;\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\treturn html`\r\n\t\t\t\t<form\r\n\t\t\t\t\tclassName=\"metform-form-content\"\r\n\t\t\t\t\tref=${parent.formContainerRef}\r\n\t\t\t\t\tonSubmit=${ validation.handleSubmit( parent.handleFormSubmit ) }\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t${is_dummy_markup ? message_position === 'top' ?  props.ResponseDummyMarkup(message_successIcon, message_proClass) : '' : ''}\r\n\t\t\t\t\t${is_dummy_markup ? ' ' :  message_position === 'top' ? props.SubmitResponseMarkup`${parent}${state}${message_successIcon}${message_errorIcon}${message_proClass}` : ''}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<!--------------------------------------------------------\r\n\t\t\t\t\t*** IMPORTANT \/ DANGEROUS ***\r\n\t\t\t\t\t${html``} must be used as in immediate child of \"metform-form-main-wrapper\"\r\n\t\t\t\t\tclass otherwise multistep form will not run at all\r\n\t\t\t\t\t---------------------------------------------------------->\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div className=\"metform-form-main-wrapper\" key=${'hide-form-after-submit'} ref=${parent.formRef}>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t${html`\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" key=\"2\" data-elementor-id=\"320\" className=\"elementor elementor-320\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section className=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7eca56f6 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7eca56f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div className=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div className=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5539f7eb\" data-id=\"5539f7eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div className=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section className=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a34f48 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3a34f48\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div className=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div className=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b1958af\" data-id=\"5b1958af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div className=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div className=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a0e467e elementor-widget elementor-widget-mf-email\" data-id=\"1a0e467e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;mf_input_name&quot;:&quot;mf-email&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"mf-email.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div className=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t<div className=\"mf-input-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<input \r\n\t\t\t\ttype=\"email\" \r\n\t\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\tdefaultValue=\"\" \r\n\t\t\t\tclassName=\"mf-input mf-conditional-input\" \r\n\t\t\t\tid=\"mf-input-email-1a0e467e\" \r\n\t\t\t\tname=\"mf-email\" \r\n\t\t\t\tplaceholder=\"${ parent.decodeEntities(`Your email`) } \" \r\n\t\t\t\t \r\n\t\t\t\tonBlur=${parent.handleChange} onFocus=${parent.handleChange} aria-invalid=${validation.errors['mf-email'] ? 'true' : 'false' } \r\n\t\t\t\tref=${el=> parent.activateValidation({\"message\":\"This field is required.\",\"emailMessage\":\"Please enter a valid Email address\",\"minLength\":1,\"maxLength\":\"\",\"type\":\"none\",\"required\":true,\"expression\":\"null\"}, el)}\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<${validation.ErrorMessage} \r\n\t\t\t\terrors=${validation.errors} \r\n\t\t\t\tname=\"mf-email\" \r\n\t\t\t\tas=${html`<span className=\"mf-error-message\"><\/span>`}\r\n\t\t\t\/>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div className=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-41b886a1\" data-id=\"41b886a1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div className=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div className=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12055d4e mf-btn--justify elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-mf-button\" data-id=\"12055d4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"mf-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div className=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div className=\"mf-btn-wraper mf-conditional-input\" data-mf-form-conditional-logic-requirement=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"submit\" className=\"metform-btn metform-submit-btn \" id=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>${ parent.decodeEntities(`Subscribe`) } <\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t        <\/div>\r\n        \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t`}\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t${is_dummy_markup ? message_position === 'bottom' ? props.ResponseDummyMarkup(message_successIcon, message_proClass) : '' : ''}\r\n\t\t\t\t\t${is_dummy_markup ? ' ' : message_position === 'bottom' ? props.SubmitResponseMarkup`${parent}${state}${message_successIcon}${message_errorIcon}${message_proClass}` : ''}\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/form>\r\n\t\t\t`\r\n\t\t<\/script>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-34ea933a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"34ea933a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d90dfa6\" data-id=\"7d90dfa6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69871dc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"69871dc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Copyright \u00a9 2025 doxadakanali<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c1c0f8c\" data-id=\"7c1c0f8c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d3f8a1b jkit-social-shape shape-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-jkit_social_share\" data-id=\"4d3f8a1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jkit_social_share.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"jeg-elementor-kit jkit-social-share jeg_module__4_6a0a81b09e2fc\" ><ul class=\"social-share-list\"><li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-127df08\" data-social=\"facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"facebook social-icon\" aria-label=\"social-share\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M279.14 288l14.22-92.66h-88.91v-60.13c0-25.35 12.42-50.06 52.24-50.06h40.42V6.26S260.43 0 225.36 0c-73.22 0-121.08 44.38-121.08 124.72v70.62H22.89V288h81.39v224h100.17V288z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li><li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-0c5162b\" data-social=\"twitter\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"twitter social-icon\" aria-label=\"social-share\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li><li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-7e78559\" data-social=\"skype\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"skype social-icon\" aria-label=\"social-share\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M424.7 299.8c2.9-14 4.7-28.9 4.7-43.8 0-113.5-91.9-205.3-205.3-205.3-14.9 0-29.7 1.7-43.8 4.7C161.3 40.7 137.7 32 112 32 50.2 32 0 82.2 0 144c0 25.7 8.7 49.3 23.3 68.2-2.9 14-4.7 28.9-4.7 43.8 0 113.5 91.9 205.3 205.3 205.3 14.9 0 29.7-1.7 43.8-4.7 19 14.6 42.6 23.3 68.2 23.3 61.8 0 112-50.2 112-112 .1-25.6-8.6-49.2-23.2-68.1zm-194.6 91.5c-65.6 0-120.5-29.2-120.5-65 0-16 9-30.6 29.5-30.6 31.2 0 34.1 44.9 88.1 44.9 25.7 0 42.3-11.4 42.3-26.3 0-18.7-16-21.6-42-28-62.5-15.4-117.8-22-117.8-87.2 0-59.2 58.6-81.1 109.1-81.1 55.1 0 110.8 21.9 110.8 55.4 0 16.9-11.4 31.8-30.3 31.8-28.3 0-29.2-33.5-75-33.5-25.7 0-42 7-42 22.5 0 19.8 20.8 21.8 69.1 33 41.4 9.3 90.7 26.8 90.7 77.6 0 59.1-57.1 86.5-112 86.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li><li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-2a8fec6\" data-social=\"linkedin\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"linkedin social-icon\" aria-label=\"social-share\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M100.28 448H7.4V148.9h92.88zM53.79 108.1C24.09 108.1 0 83.5 0 53.8a53.79 53.79 0 0 1 107.58 0c0 29.7-24.1 54.3-53.79 54.3zM447.9 448h-92.68V302.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.29-79.2-48.29 0-55.69 37.7-55.69 76.7V448h-92.78V148.9h89.08v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5 42.69-48.3 87.88-48.3 94 0 111.28 61.9 111.28 142.3V448z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li><li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-f109469\" data-social=\"pinterest\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"pinterest social-icon\" aria-label=\"social-share\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M204 6.5C101.4 6.5 0 74.9 0 185.6 0 256 39.6 296 63.6 296c9.9 0 15.6-27.6 15.6-35.4 0-9.3-23.7-29.1-23.7-67.8 0-80.4 61.2-137.4 140.4-137.4 68.1 0 118.5 38.7 118.5 109.8 0 53.1-21.3 152.7-90.3 152.7-24.9 0-46.2-18-46.2-43.8 0-37.8 26.4-74.4 26.4-113.4 0-66.2-93.9-54.2-93.9 25.8 0 16.8 2.1 35.4 9.6 50.7-13.8 59.4-42 147.9-42 209.1 0 18.9 2.7 37.5 4.5 56.4 3.4 3.8 1.7 3.4 6.9 1.5 50.4-69 48.6-82.5 71.4-172.8 12.3 23.4 44.1 36 69.3 36 106.2 0 153.9-103.5 153.9-196.8C384 71.3 298.2 6.5 204 6.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0397 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03b8\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac. \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7. \u038c\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1: \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03ca \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac 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